Timeline of Events That Happened During the Civil War

The American Civil War, fought from 1861 to 1865, was a pivotal moment in the nation’s history. This timeline delves into the key events that unfolded during this tumultuous period, offering a detailed look at the multifaceted nature of the conflict.

April 12, 1861 – The Start of the Civil War

The war began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in South Carolina. This event marked the opening shots of the Civil War and led to the secession of several Southern states from the Union.

July 21, 1861 – First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was a significant Confederate victory. It demonstrated that the war would not be a quick or easy conflict.

September 17, 1862 – Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history. It resulted in a tactical draw but was a strategic victory for the Union, as it halted the Confederate advance into the North.

January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation

Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all slaves in Confederate-held territories were free. This proclamation shifted the focus of the war from preserving the Union to ending slavery.

July 1-3, 1863 – Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the most decisive battles of the Civil War. It resulted in a Union victory and marked the turning point of the war in favor of the North.

November 19, 1863 – Gettysburg Address

In a speech delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln emphasized the importance of preserving the Union and the nation’s commitment to the principles of equality and freedom.

April 9, 1865 – Surrender at Appomattox Court House

The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, led by General Robert E. Lee, surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. This event marked the end of the Civil War.

June 19, 1865 – Juneteenth

Juneteenth celebrates the end of slavery in the United States. On this day in 1865, Union General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, to announce the freedom of the last enslaved people in the country.

July 9, 1866 – First Congress of Reconstruction

The First Congress of Reconstruction convened to address the political and social issues that arose after the Civil War. The goal was to rebuild the South and integrate former slaves into society.

March 31, 1877 – End of Reconstruction

The Compromise of 1877 effectively ended Reconstruction. In exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, the Republicans agreed to allow Southern Democrats to take control of state governments.

April 14, 1865 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. His death marked the end of an era and left a lasting impact on the nation.

May 10, 1865 – Assassination of Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America, was captured and later died of natural causes in 1865. His death marked the end of the Confederate government.

July 20, 1865 – Assassination of James Garfield

James Garfield, the 20th President of the United States, was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau. His death occurred just over three months after the end of the Civil War.

December 6, 1865 – Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment

The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified, abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. This amendment was a significant victory for the Union and the abolitionist movement.

July 9, 1868 – Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and providing equal protection under the law. This amendment aimed to ensure the rights of former slaves.